Tunnelling Characteristics of Stone-Wales Defects in Monolayers of Sn and Group-V Elements

Topological defects in ultrathin layers are often formed during synthesis and processing, thereby, strongly influencing their electronic properties . In this paper, we investigate the role of Stone-Wales (SW) defects in modifying the electronic properties of the monolayers of Sn and group-V elements. The calculated results find the electronic properties of stanene (monolayer of Sn atoms) to be strongly dependent on the concentration of SW-defects e.g., defective stanene has nearly zero band gap (~ 0.03 eV) for the defect concentration of 2.2 x 10^13 cm^-2 which opens up to 0.2 eV for the defect concentration of 3.7 x 10^13 cm^-2. In contrast, SW-defects appear to induce conduction states in the semiconducting monolayers of group-V elements. These conduction states act as channels for electron tunnelling, and the calculated tunnelling characteristics show the highest differential conductance for the negative bias with the asymmetric current-voltage characteristics. On the other hand, the highest differential conductance was found for the positive bias in stanene. Simulated STM topographical images of stanene and group-V monolayers show distinctly different features in terms of their cross-sectional views and distance-height profiles which can serve as fingerprints to identify the topological defects in the monolayers of group-IV and group-V elements in experiments.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

A prospective study comparing acromio axillo suprasternal notch index and modified mallampati test in predicting the difficulty in visualization of larynx

BACKGROUND: The management of the airway is the primary responsibility of the anesthesiologist. Endotracheal intubation remains the gold standard in maintaining definitive airway and is conventionally facilitated by direct laryngoscopy. The Modified mallampati (MMP) test is a standard tool in the airway assessment and its low sensitivity is always a deterrent. Kamranmanesh MR et al tested a new simple bedside screening tool called Acromio Axillo Suprasternal notch index (AASNI) for airway assessment. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the AASNI and MMP in predicting the “Difficult visualization of the larynx”. METHODS: A total of 173 adult patients of ASA 1 and 2 (18 to 50 years), who were candidates for tracheal intubation in elective surgery were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Preoperative airway assessment was carried out with AASNI and MMP. After induction of anesthesia, direct laryngoscopy was done and the laryngeal view was recorded according to the Cormacke Lehane grading system. RESULTS: The validity of AASNI and MMP are analysed with Open epi (ver.2), SPSS software (ver.16) and Microsoft excel. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of AASNI vs MMP are 70.5 vs 29.4, 84.6 vs 95.5, 33.3 vs 41.6, and 96.3 vs 92.5 % respectively. Thus, AASNI had better sensitivity and negative predictive value than MMP but lower specificity and positive predictive value than MMP. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that AASNI can be used as a predictive tool for ‘Difficult visualization of larynx’ (DVL). The higher sensitivity of AASNI makes it a better tool than MMP for screening DVL. As no single test predicts DVL precisely, AASNI can be used in conjunction with standard tool like MMP to increase the validity. AASNI may be investigated as a part of multivariate index to predict DVL

AN EXPLOSIVE EXPANSION TOWARDS MUTUAL DATA UTILIZING ROUTINE USING DATA ASSEMBLY

The information collector gathers reviews about points-of-interest (POIs) from data contributors, while LBSPs purchase POI data many techniques from the information collector and permit users to do spatial top-k queries which request the POIs inside a certain region along with the greatest k ratings to have an interested POI attribute. This paper presents three novel schemes for users to identify fake spatial snapshot and moving top-k query results being an effort to promote the sensible deployment and utilization of the suggested system. The effectiveness and efficiency in our schemes are completely examined and evaluated. The machine includes a data collector, data contributors, location-based providers (LBSPs), and system users. This paper views a manuscript distributed system for collaborative location-based information generation and discussing which become more and more popular because of the explosive development of Internet-capable and placement-aware cellular devices. Used, LBSPs are entrusted and could return fake query recent results for various bad motives, e.g., in support of POIs prepared to pay

Generators for vector bundles on generic hypersurfaces

We prove that on a generic hypersurface in Pm+1 of dimension at least 3, a vector bundle with r ≤ m generators must be split if m is odd. If m is even, then the same is true if the degree of X is at least 3